Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in men and is responsible for more deaths than any other cancer, except for lung cancer. However, microscopic cancer is found at autopsy in many if not most men. PSA (a blood test) has allowed early identification and treatment of prostate cancer. Although nearly a decade since the PSA blood test has been introduced, absolute proof that PSA saves lives has not been scientifically proven. However, the death rate from prostate cancer is now decreasing in the United States, suggesting a medical benefit of PSA use. In addition, refinements to radiation and surgical techniques allow more effective treatment with fewer side effects. More information is provided throughout this section, with a recent published literature update in the "What's New" section.