Molecular biology and genetics of bladder cancer
Despite the ongoing research in the molecular and genetic etiologies of bladder cancer, no single defect or marker has been identified. Rather, various genes, proteins and enzymes have been studied intensively since it has been discovered that they do play an essential role in both the transformation of normal cells to tumor cells, and the progression of non-invasive tumors to invasive and metastatic ones. The following will briefly describe some of the more well-studied concepts in molecular and genetic oncology as it relates to bladder cancer. It is important to note that most of these concepts have not been applied to general medical practice. continue discovery > > >
Risk Factors
It is not fully understood why a cell suddenly begins to divide and replicate out of control and, as it forms a tumor, eventually invades into other tissue layers and organs. However, as investigators analyzed large groups of people with and without bladder cancer, they began to notice certain trends.
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